2023年8月7日 星期一

112年 - 新北市立國民中學_教師聯合甄選試題:英文科#115007

 

都是整理自阿摩 摩友 及其他網路資料


2. Communicative Language Teaching is believed to develop students’ all aspects of communicative competence. If a teacher guides students to do cross-referencing between verbal mode and nonverbal mode in real communication, what kind of knowledge is emphasized?
(A) Grammatical competence
(B) Sociolinguistic competence
(C) Strategic competence
(D) Discourse competence

交際語言教學被認為可以培養學生各方面的交際能力。如果老師引導學生在實際交際中進行言語模式和非言語模式的交叉引用,強調的是哪些知識呢?

Canale and Swain(1980) 將溝通能力細分為語法能力,社會語言能力,策略能力,和言談能力。

1. 語法能力(grammatical competence):指字彙、語法等語言形式的能力,它使人可以有能力說出及寫出合乎語法的句子。

2. 社會語言能力 (sociolinguistic competence):指對語言溝通環境了解之能力,包括對社會文化準則、人際關係、共通訊息、溝通互動目的等之了解,而能因場合運用得當的語言。

3. 策略能力(strategic competence):指溝通時知道如何起頭、結束、打岔、維持、修復、或轉折,使溝通順暢之能力。

4. 言談能力(discourse competence):指對口語會話及書寫文本等篇章語意之詮釋、理解。語言學習者須具備超乎句子範疇理解之能力,而會說出或寫出上下有連貫之話語或篇章。
























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1. _____ is a type of language produced by second language learners in the process of acquiring a new language. Learners create this language due to the influence of L1 knowledge, L2 input, and metalinguistic knowledge.
_____是第二語言學習者在習得新語言過程中產生的一種語言。學習者由於母語知識、母語輸入和元語言知識的影響而創造出這種語言。
(A) Interlanguage 中介語
(B) Metalanguage 元語言
(C) Protolanguage 原始語言
(D) Homolanguage 同族語言


Metalanguage is words or symbols for talking about language itself. Examples of metalanguage include words like “verb,”“noun,” and “adjective”1. Metalanguage can be used to clarify logical relationships, temporal relationships, and spatial relationships2. Phrases like “for example,”“as a result,” and “therefore” are also examples of metalanguage.
廣義來說,元語言是指討論或研究語言本身時所使用的語言或符號。在邏輯和語言學裡,元語言是用來對其他語言的句子形成另一個句子的語言。元語言通常會用斜體字、引號或寫在單獨一行裡來和對象語言相區別。





《Little Women》





Amy: I couldn't believe Jo turned you down. I'm so sorry.
Lorie: Don't be, Amy. I'm not.

艾咪:真難相信喬拒絕了你,我為你感到遺憾。
勞理:不,艾咪,別為我感到遺憾。我並不遺憾。






Meg: I don't suppose. That's too much an extravagance.
Dressmaker: Will 20 yards do?
Meg: Yes.
我不認為,這太奢侈了

Jo: I can't go over my disappointment in being a girl. 我要是個男孩就好了


Jo: I scorched my dress, see? There. 我燒破了我的裙子
Lorie: I have an idea of how we can manage.



Mom: Goodness gracious, what have you done!
我的天啊,你們做了什麼?


Jo: Make room, Meg is a wounded soldier!
Meg: I sprained my ankle.
Sisters: Oh, Meg, you'll kill yourself for fashion one of these days.

Mom: Apologies for the chaos.


Friedrich in the letter: I promise honesty and whatever intelligence I can muster.



Amy: I feel sorry for you, I really do. I just wish you'd bear it better.
Lorie: You don't have to feel sorry for me, Amy. You'll feel the same way one day.
Amy: No, I'd be respected if I couldn't be loved.


Friedrich: I think you're talented, which is why I'm being so... blunt.
Jo: I can't afford to starve on praise.


Jo: Shakespeare wrote for the masses.
Fred: Shakespeare was the greatest poet who ever lived because he smuggled his poetry in popular works.
Jo: But I'm not Shakespeare.
Fred: Thank goodness, we already have him.
...
Jo: No one will forget Jo March.
Fred: I can believe it. 


Mother in the letter: Jo, come home immediately, Beth has taken a turn for the worse.
貝絲的情況惡化了


Meg: It's so dreadful being poor.
Amy: How come some girls get to have lots of pretty things and others have nothing at all?
Beth: At least we have father and mother, and each other.
Jo: We haven't got father, and we won't have him as long as this war drags on.
Meg: I wish I have heaps of money and plenty of servants, so I never had to work again.


Amy: Jo, that's so boyish.
Jo: That's why I do it.
Amy: Well, I detest rude unlady-like girls. 
Jo: I hated affected little chits. 矯揉造作的 黃毛丫頭,不知禮的年輕女子


Mom: My girls, will you give them your breakfast as a Christmas present?


One of the girls: That's so generous of him.


Letter from the dad: 
"Give them all my dear love and a kiss. Tell them I think of them by day, pray for them by night, and find my best comfort in their affection at all times. A year seems a very long time to wait before I see them, but remind them that while we wait we may all work, so these hard days need not be wasted. I know they will be loving children to you, do their duty faithfully, fight their enemies bravely, and conquer themselves so beautifully... and when I come back to them I may be fonder and prouder than ever of my little women."



Aunt March: You mind yourself, dearie, someday you'll need me, and you'll wish you had behaved better.
Jo: Thank you, Aunt March, for your employment and your many kindnesses, but I intended to make my own way in the world.
Aunt March: (Laugh) Oh, no one makes their own way, not really, least of all women. You'll need to marry well.
Jo: But you're not married, Aunt March.
Aunt March: That's because I'm rich. And I made sure to keep all my money, unlike your father.
Jo: So the only way to be an unmarried woman is to be rich?
Aunt March: Yes.
Jo: But there are precious few ways for women to make money.
Aunt March: That's not true. You can run a cat house, or go on a stage. Practically the same thing. Other than that, you're right, precious few ways for women. That's why you should heed me.
Jo: So I can get married?
Aunt March: NO, so you can live a better life than your poor mother has.
Jo: But Marmee loves her life.
Aunt March: You don't know what she loves. Your father cared more about educating Freedmen's children than he did about caring for his own family. 
Jo: Yes, but he was right.
Aunt March: It's possible to be right and foolish.
Jo: Well, I don't think so.
Aunt March: Well, you're not paid to think.


Amy: Susan, it is immoral.
Susan: Everyone benefited from the system, including you Marches. Why should only the South be punished?
Amy: We should all be punished.
Susan: The Marches love a cause.


Mr. Brook: Latin is a privilege. Please, you have to learn this. I can't afford to lose this position. Just return to the Cicero. (西賽羅)

 

Jo: What richness! Oh, Theodore Lawrence, you ought to be the happiest boy in the world!
Laurie: A fellow can't live on books alone.
Jo: I could.



Mr. Lawrence: I knew your mother's father. You've got his spirit.


Mother: Amy, you did wrong, and there will be consequences. 




Meg: Beth insisted we not tell her because she didn't want to ruin Amy's trip.




Jo: Has anyone taken my novel?
Meg, Beth: No. / No, why?



Amy: I am the most sorry for it now. I'm so sorry.
Mom: Jo, don't let the sun go down your anger. Forgive her. Help each other. And you begin again tomorrow.
Jo: She doesn't deserve my forgiveness. And I will hate her! I will hate her forever!



Amy: Is she going to be like this forever?
Beth: It was a very hard loss for her.
Amy: Is there nothing I can do?
Meg: Go after her. Don't say anything till Jo has got good-natured with Laurie, and then just say some kind thing. I'm sure she'll be friends again.





Jo: If you had died it would've been my fault.


Jo: When I get in a passion I get so savage I could hurt anyone and I'd enjoyed it.
Mom: You remind me of myself.
Jo: But you're never angry. 
Mom: I'm angry nearly every day of my life. 
Jo: You are?
Mom: I'm not patient by nature but with nearly 40 years of effort, I'm learning to not let it get the better of me.
Jo: I'll do the same then.
Mom: I hope you'll do a great deal better than me. There are some natures too noble to curb, too lofty to bend.



Marmie: Pretty things should be enjoyed.


Mr. Brook: Do you think this is a good idea, her going away like this?
Marmee: Girls have to go into the world and make up their own minds about things.


Meg: Thank you for the carriage, Mr. Laurence. I don't know how to repay you. 報答
Mr. Laurence: Nonsense. Nonsense. Although there's one thing. It occurred to me that my daughter's piano suffers from want of use. Any of your girls like to run over, and practice on it now and then, just to keep it in tune?



Daisy??



Meg: I tried to be contented but it is hard. ...I'm tired of being poor.
John: I was afraid of this. I do my best, Meg.


John: And...and I really am very sorry that you've had to do without so many beautiful things and that, you're married to someone who can't give them to you.


Amy: Talent isn't genius. And no amount of energy can make it so. I want to be great, or nothing. And I will not be some common-place dauber, and I don't intend to try anymore. 
Laurie: What women are allowed into the club of geniuses anyway?

Amy: I do think male or female, I am of middling talent.
才能平庸



艾咪的女權發言!!!
And as a woman, there's no way for me to make my own money, not enough to earn a living or to support my family. And if I had my own money, which I don't, the money will belong to my husband the moment we got married. And if we had children, it would be his, not mine. They would be his property. So don't sit there and tell me that marriage isn't an economic proposition, because it is. It may not be for you but it most certainly is for me.

1:08:30~
Jo read:
"We could never have loved the earth so well if we had had no childhood in it, if it were not the earth where the same flowers come up again every spring that we used to gather with our tiny fingers. What novelty is worth that sweet monotony where everything is known and loved because it is known?"



貝絲鼓勵喬為她寫作
Jo: I can't. I don't think I can anymore.
Beth: Why?
Jo: It's just... no one even cares to hear my stories anyway.
Beth: Write something for me. You are a writer. Even before anyone knew or paid you. I'm very sick and you must do what I say. 
Jo: Ahh.
Beth: Do what Marmee told us to do. Do it for someone else. 



The letter from Mr. Laurence to Beth:
"Miss Beth March, I have had many pairs of slippers in my life, but I never had any that suited me so well as yours. And they will always remind me of the gentle giver. I'd like to pay my debts, and hope you will accept this gift. Your grateful friend and humble servant, James Laurence."


1:20:13
Beth: Keep writing them.
Jo: I will.
Beth: Even when I'm not here.
Jo: Don't say that. Don't say...
Beth: Jo, I have to tell you.
Jo: No, you don't.
Beth: I've had a very long time to think about this, and... and I'm not afraid.
Jo: No.
Beth: It's like the tide going out. It goes out slowly but it can't be stopped.
Jo: I'll stop it. I've stopped it before.



Father's sick. Beth's sick as well.

Beth's prevailed the first time, but this time... God has changed his will.


Meg: Just because my dreams are different than yours doesn't mean they're unimportant. I want a home and a family, and I'm willing to work and struggle, but I want to do it whit John.
Jo: I just hate that you're leaving me. Don't leave.
Meg: Oh, Jo. I'm not leaving you. Besides, one day it will be your turn.
Jo: I'd rather be a free spinster and paddle my own canoe.
Meg: (Laugh)
Jo: I would.
Jo: I can't believe childhood is over.
Meg: It was going to end one way or another. And what a happy end.



Jo turned down Laurie.



Jo: I ruined my friendship with my temper, just as I ruin everything. I'm sure I'll never see him again.
Marmee: I doubt that a sincere friend would be deterred.
Jo: I wish that were true.



 
Marmee: But do you love him?
Jo: I care more to be loved. I want to be loved.
Marmee: That is not the same as loving.
Jo: I know. (pause) You know, I just... I just feel... I just feel like women... They have minds, and they have souls as well as just hearts, and they've got ambition, and they've got talent as well as just beauty, and I'm so sick of people saying that love is just all a woman is fit for. I'm so sick of it! But, I'm...I'm so lonely.



Jo: Life is too short to be angry at one's sisters.



F: I have nothing to give you, Jo.
Jo: It doesn't matter.
F: My hands are empty.
Jo: It's not empty.








Mr. Dashwood


Laura Dern



























 

2023年8月3日 星期四

112 新北市立國民中學教師聯合甄選:教育專業科#114730 錯題檢討

 


62分  2023.08.04    反白看解答   

來源都是參考阿摩、額外上網整理的哦!



2. 重視整體性及科際性,強調前瞻性與未來導向,重視反饋自動調適為以下何種理論?
(A) 一般系統理論
(B) 混沌理論
(C) 權變理論
(D) Z 理論

(A) 一般系統理論

●主要代表人物:薄特南飛 bertalanffy
●意義:一個系統是由各個部分連結起來而成一整體性的組織,並無法由個體或單一部分做為系統,也就是說,如同人類的身體構造,大腸、小腸、胃等等都是我們的消化器官,然而若要形成一消化系統,則需要各個器官的連結與共同合作,才能完整的完成一個消化過程。
●關鍵字:整體性、未來導向、成果導向、彈性

(B) 混沌理論

●渾沌理論強調現象與系統的無秩序性、隨機性與不可預測性。因此對周遭事物的細微變化都要保持高度的敏感與反應,所謂「差之毫釐,失之千里」。
●關鍵字:耗散結構、蝴蝶效應、奇特引子、回饋機能

(C) 權變理論

●主要代表人物:費德勒 Fiedler
●意義:認為每個組織都是獨特的,所以在特定的情境下,能夠分析其特定中的情境變項,才能有效處理組織行為。因此,領導是否有效端視領導者的領導形式是否與情境相配合。
●領導形式:工作導向/關係導向

(D) Z 理論

●主要代表人物:麥哥里 Megley
●意義:針對 X 與 Y 理論的缺失,提出現代化管理觀念的 Z 理論。綜合 X 與 Y 理論,取其長而棄其短行權變之道,注重整體性、系統性、生態系及權變性的特點。認為雇員需要被關懷、被信任,人際關係也是激勵,要注重激勵的長期效應。 
●其要旨如下:
① 制度與人員要兼顧。
② 生理與心理要並重。
③ 激勵與懲罰要兼施。
④ 靜態、動態與生態組織要並重。


A 6. 關於輪形、鏈形、圓形三種溝通網路,下列何者敘述為
(A) 輪形解決問題的速度是最快的,正確性高,整體士氣也最高昂
(B) 鏈形解決問題的速度是次快的,正確性高,整體士氣低
(C) 圓形解決問題的速度是最慢的,正確性低,整體士氣為最高
(D) 三者中以輪形溝通網路最容易產生組織化


  7. 有關權變領導的運用,下列何者敘述錯誤
(A) 領導形式宜隨著情境之不同而異
(B) 宜在「高倡導低關懷」的原則下權變
(C) 先決定目的再決定方式
(D) 領導形式與情境要適當搭配